EC1Y

0.3%

Highest — Islington 022H

0.7%

Median

0.3%

Lowest — City of London 001B

0.1%

Source period

Census 2021

How calculated

Range across complete intersecting source areas

Source areas

6 / 6

Variation across complete unique intersecting source areas; this is not a recomputed page-level statistic.

Use England/Wales Census 2021, Scotland Census 2022 or NISRA Census 2021 according to country; these are area characteristics, not attributes of an individual postcode household.

88.9%

Highest — City of London 001C

97.9%

Median

88.9%

Lowest — Islington 022H

82.8%

Source period

Census 2021

How calculated

Range across complete intersecting source areas

Source areas

6 / 6

Variation across complete unique intersecting source areas; this is not a recomputed page-level statistic.

Use England/Wales Census 2021, Scotland Census 2022 or NISRA Census 2021 according to country; these are area characteristics, not attributes of an individual postcode household.

0.3%

Highest — Islington 022H

1.4%

Median

0.3%

Lowest — City of London 001C

0.0%

Source period

Census 2021

How calculated

Range across complete intersecting source areas

Source areas

6 / 6

Variation across complete unique intersecting source areas; this is not a recomputed page-level statistic.

Use England/Wales Census 2021, Scotland Census 2022 or NISRA Census 2021 according to country; these are area characteristics, not attributes of an individual postcode household.

1.8%

Highest — Islington 022F

4.8%

Median

1.8%

Lowest — City of London 001C

0.0%

Source period

Census 2021

How calculated

Range across complete intersecting source areas

Source areas

6 / 6

Variation across complete unique intersecting source areas; this is not a recomputed page-level statistic.

Use England/Wales Census 2021, Scotland Census 2022 or NISRA Census 2021 according to country; these are area characteristics, not attributes of an individual postcode household.

37.4%

Highest — Islington 023E

45.9%

Median

37.4%

Lowest — City of London 001B

19.0%

Source period

Census 2021

How calculated

Range across complete intersecting source areas

Source areas

6 / 6

Variation across complete unique intersecting source areas; this is not a recomputed page-level statistic.

Use England/Wales Census 2021, Scotland Census 2022 or NISRA Census 2021 according to country; these are area characteristics, not attributes of an individual postcode household.

50.9%

Highest — Islington 022F

54.5%

Median

50.9%

Lowest — City of London 001B

43.9%

Source period

Census 2021

How calculated

Range across complete intersecting source areas

Source areas

6 / 6

Variation across complete unique intersecting source areas; this is not a recomputed page-level statistic.

Use England/Wales Census 2021, Scotland Census 2022 or NISRA Census 2021 according to country; these are area characteristics, not attributes of an individual postcode household.

49.2%

Highest — City of London 001B

56.1%

Median

49.2%

Lowest — Islington 022F

45.5%

Source period

Census 2021

How calculated

Range across complete intersecting source areas

Source areas

6 / 6

Variation across complete unique intersecting source areas; this is not a recomputed page-level statistic.

Use England/Wales Census 2021, Scotland Census 2022 or NISRA Census 2021 according to country; these are area characteristics, not attributes of an individual postcode household.

14.1%

Highest — Islington 022H

29.6%

Median

14.1%

Lowest — City of London 001C

4.9%

Source period

Census 2021

How calculated

Range across complete intersecting source areas

Source areas

6 / 6

Variation across complete unique intersecting source areas; this is not a recomputed page-level statistic.

Use England/Wales Census 2021, Scotland Census 2022 or NISRA Census 2021 according to country; these are area characteristics, not attributes of an individual postcode household.

2,107.5

Latest annual mid-year population estimate

Highest — Islington 023D

2,554

Median

2,107.5

Lowest — Islington 022H

1,464

Source period

mid-2024

How calculated

Range across complete intersecting source areas

Source areas

6 / 6

Variation across complete unique intersecting source areas; this is not a recomputed page-level statistic.

Unrounded estimates are published to support aggregation; that does not make them exact observations. This is an ONS mid-year estimate for the surrounding LSOA, not a count at this postcode and not a Census-day observation. Students are estimated at their term-time address. England and Wales only.

1,661

People counted in this neighbourhood on census day

Highest — Islington 023D

2,356

Median

1,661

Lowest — City of London 001B

1,384

Source period

Census 2021

How calculated

Range across complete intersecting source areas

Source areas

6 / 6

Variation across complete unique intersecting source areas; this is not a recomputed page-level statistic.

The number of people usually resident in this neighbourhood. Census day was 21 March 2021, during coronavirus restrictions: students were largely counted at a parental address rather than a term-time one, and workplace populations were displaced. The census is taken once a decade, so this is now several years old. It describes the LSOA around this postcode — a neighbourhood of roughly 1,500 people — and not this address. Small counts are deliberately adjusted to protect confidentiality, so categories need not sum exactly to their totals and a difference of a person or two is noise. England and Wales only: Scotland ran its own census in 2022, published separately by National Records of Scotland.

10,895.45 per km²

Residents per square kilometre

Highest — City of London 001C

27,385.4 per km²

Median

10,895.45 per km²

Lowest — City of London 001B

6,062.2 per km²

Source period

Census 2021

How calculated

Range across complete intersecting source areas

Source areas

6 / 6

Variation across complete unique intersecting source areas; this is not a recomputed page-level statistic.

Residents per square kilometre across the whole neighbourhood, including any parks, water or farmland inside it, so it is not the density of the built-up part. Census day was 21 March 2021, during coronavirus restrictions: students were largely counted at a parental address rather than a term-time one, and workplace populations were displaced. The census is taken once a decade, so this is now several years old. It describes the LSOA around this postcode — a neighbourhood of roughly 1,500 people — and not this address. Small counts are deliberately adjusted to protect confidentiality, so categories need not sum exactly to their totals and a difference of a person or two is noise. England and Wales only: Scotland ran its own census in 2022, published separately by National Records of Scotland.

16

Live births registered for the surrounding LSOA in the latest calendar year

Highest — Islington 022F

19

Median

16

Lowest — Islington 022H

2

Source period

2025

How calculated

Range across complete intersecting source areas

Source areas

6 / 6

Variation across complete unique intersecting source areas; this is not a recomputed page-level statistic.

This is an annual count for the whole LSOA, not births at this postcode. It includes a very small number of late registrations from the previous year and is not a fertility rate.

10

Deaths registered for residents of the surrounding LSOA in the latest calendar year

Highest — Islington 023E

13

Median

10

Lowest — Islington 022F

7

Source period

2024

How calculated

Range across complete intersecting source areas

Source areas

6 / 6

Variation across complete unique intersecting source areas; this is not a recomputed page-level statistic.

This is an annual count for the whole LSOA, not deaths at this postcode. ONS rounds small sub-regional counts for disclosure control, so it must not be treated as an exact event count or summed to reproduce a national total.

868.5

Households counted in the surrounding LSOA

Highest — Islington 023D

1,121

Median

868.5

Lowest — Islington 022H

556

Source period

Census 2021

How calculated

Range across complete intersecting source areas

Source areas

6 / 6

Variation across complete unique intersecting source areas; this is not a recomputed page-level statistic.

A household is one person living alone or a group sharing accommodation and facilities. It is not the number of dwellings. Census day was 21 March 2021, during coronavirus restrictions. This describes the LSOA around the postcode, not a household or address. ONS applies statistical disclosure control, so small category counts are perturbed and components may differ slightly from the published total. England and Wales only; Scotland's Census was held separately in 2022.

22.1%

Share of residents aged 5 and over who are schoolchildren or full-time students

Highest — Islington 022H

34.1%

Median

22.1%

Lowest — City of London 001C

8.8%

Source period

Census 2021

How calculated

Range across complete intersecting source areas

Source areas

6 / 6

Variation across complete unique intersecting source areas; this is not a recomputed page-level statistic.

The denominator is all usual residents aged 5 and over. It is not the same definition as economic-activity student status. Census day was 21 March 2021, during coronavirus restrictions. This describes the LSOA around the postcode, not a household or address. ONS applies statistical disclosure control, so small category counts are perturbed and components may differ slightly from the published total. England and Wales only; Scotland's Census was held separately in 2022.

£52,977

Mean disposable income, adjusted for household size

Highest — City of London 001

£67,770

Median

£52,977

Lowest — Islington 023

£44,731

Source period

FYE 2023

How calculated

Range across complete intersecting source areas

Source areas

3 / 3

Variation across complete unique intersecting source areas; this is not a recomputed page-level statistic.

Equivalised means adjusted for household size and composition on the modified-OECD scale, so a couple and a family of five can be compared. Do not read it as the cash a household receives. A modelled estimate for the financial year ending March 2023, not a measurement: ONS combine the Family Resources Survey with census and administrative data, and the method tends to pull estimates towards the average. Every figure carries a wide confidence interval — the true value could plausibly sit anywhere in it, so a difference between neighbouring areas may not be real. It is a mean, and income is skewed, so it sits above the typical household. The area is an MSOA of 2,000 to 6,000 households, several neighbourhoods rather than one street. England and Wales only: ONS publish no Scottish equivalent.

£76,823

Mean total annual income before tax

Highest — City of London 001

£91,506

Median

£76,823

Lowest — Islington 023

£63,642

Source period

FYE 2023

How calculated

Range across complete intersecting source areas

Source areas

3 / 3

Variation across complete unique intersecting source areas; this is not a recomputed page-level statistic.

Total income of every household member before tax, including benefits and tax credits, and not adjusted for household size. A modelled estimate for the financial year ending March 2023, not a measurement: ONS combine the Family Resources Survey with census and administrative data, and the method tends to pull estimates towards the average. Every figure carries a wide confidence interval — the true value could plausibly sit anywhere in it, so a difference between neighbouring areas may not be real. It is a mean, and income is skewed, so it sits above the typical household. The area is an MSOA of 2,000 to 6,000 households, several neighbourhoods rather than one street. England and Wales only: ONS publish no Scottish equivalent.

£55,421

Mean disposable annual income after tax

Highest — City of London 001

£64,385

Median

£55,421

Lowest — Islington 023

£47,517

Source period

FYE 2023

How calculated

Range across complete intersecting source areas

Source areas

3 / 3

Variation across complete unique intersecting source areas; this is not a recomputed page-level statistic.

After income tax, national insurance, council tax and pension contributions, and not adjusted for household size. A modelled estimate for the financial year ending March 2023, not a measurement: ONS combine the Family Resources Survey with census and administrative data, and the method tends to pull estimates towards the average. Every figure carries a wide confidence interval — the true value could plausibly sit anywhere in it, so a difference between neighbouring areas may not be real. It is a mean, and income is skewed, so it sits above the typical household. The area is an MSOA of 2,000 to 6,000 households, several neighbourhoods rather than one street. England and Wales only: ONS publish no Scottish equivalent.

£41,885

Mean disposable income after rent or mortgage, adjusted for household size

Highest — City of London 001

£50,879

Median

£41,885

Lowest — Islington 023

£38,459

Source period

FYE 2023

How calculated

Range across complete intersecting source areas

Source areas

3 / 3

Variation across complete unique intersecting source areas; this is not a recomputed page-level statistic.

What is left after housing costs, adjusted for household size. In expensive areas this can be far below the before-housing-costs figure, which is the point of showing both. A modelled estimate for the financial year ending March 2023, not a measurement: ONS combine the Family Resources Survey with census and administrative data, and the method tends to pull estimates towards the average. Every figure carries a wide confidence interval — the true value could plausibly sit anywhere in it, so a difference between neighbouring areas may not be real. It is a mean, and income is skewed, so it sits above the typical household. The area is an MSOA of 2,000 to 6,000 households, several neighbourhoods rather than one street. England and Wales only: ONS publish no Scottish equivalent.

1,216

Active companies whose registered office is this postcode

Source period

2026-10

How calculated

Sum of complete unique source areas

Source areas

177 / 177

Counts companies whose REGISTERED OFFICE is this postcode. A registered office is not a place of business: accountants and company-formation agents register thousands of companies at a single address, so a large number here usually means one agent rather than a business district. Sole traders and ordinary partnerships are not on the register at all, so this undercounts businesses as most people use the word. Only companies with an active status on the monthly snapshot are counted; dissolved and liquidating companies are excluded. No address, company name or officer detail is stored or shown.

99

Registered at this postcode and incorporated within the year

Source period

2026-10

How calculated

Sum of complete unique source areas

Source areas

177 / 177

Of the active companies registered at this postcode, how many were incorporated in the twelve months before the snapshot. Company formation is cheap and common, and a new company is not a new business or a new job -- many never trade. Where a formation agent uses this postcode, this number counts the agent's throughput rather than local activity. No company or address detail is stored or shown.

1,245

Active companies across the whole postcode district

Source period

2026-10

Active companies registered anywhere in this postcode district, which covers a much wider area than the postcode itself. Registered offices are not trading premises, and a single formation agent in the district can dominate the total. Sole traders are not on the register.

Information and communication

The largest SIC section among companies registered in this district

Source period

2026-10

The largest single category among companies registered in this postcode district, from the SIC code each company declares for itself. Declared codes are self-reported, frequently generic and rarely updated. Companies that declare themselves dormant or non-trading, and those that declare nothing at all, are shown as such rather than folded into a real industry -- in some districts they are the largest category, which is itself the clearest evidence that these are registered offices rather than workplaces. Published only for districts with enough companies that no individual one can be inferred.

Private Limited Company

88.3%

PRI/LBG/NSC (Private, Limited by guarantee, no share capital, use of 'Limited' exemption)

3.8%

Private company limited by guarantee

2.6%

The most common legal forms on the register here

Source period

2026-10

The most common legal forms among companies registered in this postcode district -- private limited companies, limited liability partnerships and so on. Almost everywhere is dominated by private limited companies, so the interest is in what sits behind them. Published only for districts with enough companies that no individual one can be inferred, and never at postcode level.

66.1%

Highest — City of London 001C

70.9%

Median

66.1%

Lowest — Islington 022H

57.1%

Source period

Census 2021

How calculated

Range across complete intersecting source areas

Source areas

6 / 6

Variation across complete unique intersecting source areas; this is not a recomputed page-level statistic.

Use England/Wales Census 2021, Scotland Census 2022 or NISRA Census 2021 according to country; these are area characteristics, not attributes of an individual postcode household.

59.2%

Highest — City of London 001B

67.7%

Median

59.2%

Lowest — Islington 022H

52.5%

Source period

Census 2021

How calculated

Range across complete intersecting source areas

Source areas

6 / 6

Variation across complete unique intersecting source areas; this is not a recomputed page-level statistic.

Use England/Wales Census 2021, Scotland Census 2022 or NISRA Census 2021 according to country; these are area characteristics, not attributes of an individual postcode household.

10.1%

Highest — City of London 001B

18.0%

Median

10.1%

Lowest — Islington 023D

8.3%

Source period

Census 2021

How calculated

Range across complete intersecting source areas

Source areas

6 / 6

Variation across complete unique intersecting source areas; this is not a recomputed page-level statistic.

Use England/Wales Census 2021, Scotland Census 2022 or NISRA Census 2021 according to country; these are area characteristics, not attributes of an individual postcode household.

12.0%

Highest — City of London 001B

16.7%

Median

12.0%

Lowest — Islington 022H

9.6%

Source period

Census 2021

How calculated

Range across complete intersecting source areas

Source areas

6 / 6

Variation across complete unique intersecting source areas; this is not a recomputed page-level statistic.

Use England/Wales Census 2021, Scotland Census 2022 or NISRA Census 2021 according to country; these are area characteristics, not attributes of an individual postcode household.

4.8%

Highest — Islington 022F

8.4%

Median

4.8%

Lowest — City of London 001B

2.5%

Source period

Census 2021

How calculated

Range across complete intersecting source areas

Source areas

6 / 6

Variation across complete unique intersecting source areas; this is not a recomputed page-level statistic.

Use England/Wales Census 2021, Scotland Census 2022 or NISRA Census 2021 according to country; these are area characteristics, not attributes of an individual postcode household.

57.5%

Highest — City of London 001B

76.7%

Median

57.5%

Lowest — Islington 023E

53.8%

Source period

Census 2021

How calculated

Range across complete intersecting source areas

Source areas

6 / 6

Variation across complete unique intersecting source areas; this is not a recomputed page-level statistic.

Use England/Wales Census 2021, Scotland Census 2022 or NISRA Census 2021 according to country; these are area characteristics, not attributes of an individual postcode household.

81

Modelled number of fuel-poor households in this neighbourhood, 2024

Highest — Islington 023D

102

Median

81

Lowest — City of London 001B

38

Source period

2024

How calculated

Range across complete intersecting source areas

Source areas

6 / 6

Variation across complete unique intersecting source areas; this is not a recomputed page-level statistic.

A modelled count, not a list of households. A neighbourhood with more homes will show a bigger number without being worse off, which is why the proportion beside it is the figure to read. A MODELLED estimate for the neighbourhood (LSOA) around this postcode for 2024, not a measurement and not a statement about any household here. England measures fuel poverty with the Low Income Low Energy Efficiency (LILEE) definition: a home rated D or worse for energy efficiency whose residual income after modelled energy costs falls below the poverty line. It is not a count of households unable to afford heating, and it is not a bill. The publisher states that small-area estimates "should only be used to look at general trends and identify areas of particularly high or low fuel poverty. They should not be used to identify trends over time within an LSOA, or to compare LSOAs with similar fuel poverty levels due to very small sample sizes and consequent instability". Scotland and Wales define fuel poverty differently and their figures are not on this scale.

8.1%

Modelled share of homes in this neighbourhood that are fuel poor, 2024

Highest — Islington 022F

9.5%

Median

8.1%

Lowest — City of London 001B

4.3%

Source period

2024

How calculated

Range across complete intersecting source areas

Source areas

6 / 6

Variation across complete unique intersecting source areas; this is not a recomputed page-level statistic.

The headline figure, and the one the publisher intends to be read. A MODELLED estimate for the neighbourhood (LSOA) around this postcode for 2024, not a measurement and not a statement about any household here. England measures fuel poverty with the Low Income Low Energy Efficiency (LILEE) definition: a home rated D or worse for energy efficiency whose residual income after modelled energy costs falls below the poverty line. It is not a count of households unable to afford heating, and it is not a bill. The publisher states that small-area estimates "should only be used to look at general trends and identify areas of particularly high or low fuel poverty. They should not be used to identify trends over time within an LSOA, or to compare LSOAs with similar fuel poverty levels due to very small sample sizes and consequent instability". Scotland and Wales define fuel poverty differently and their figures are not on this scale.

932.5

Modelled number of homes in the LSOA, 2024

Highest — Islington 023D

1,213

Median

932.5

Lowest — Islington 022H

615

Source period

2024

How calculated

Range across complete intersecting source areas

Source areas

6 / 6

Variation across complete unique intersecting source areas; this is not a recomputed page-level statistic.

The denominator the proportion is worked out from, published as modelled rather than counted. It is close to but not the same as a census household count. A MODELLED estimate for the neighbourhood (LSOA) around this postcode for 2024, not a measurement and not a statement about any household here. England measures fuel poverty with the Low Income Low Energy Efficiency (LILEE) definition: a home rated D or worse for energy efficiency whose residual income after modelled energy costs falls below the poverty line. It is not a count of households unable to afford heating, and it is not a bill. The publisher states that small-area estimates "should only be used to look at general trends and identify areas of particularly high or low fuel poverty. They should not be used to identify trends over time within an LSOA, or to compare LSOAs with similar fuel poverty levels due to very small sample sizes and consequent instability". Scotland and Wales define fuel poverty differently and their figures are not on this scale.

1,266 kWh/m²

Energy falling on a square metre of optimally angled panel

Highest — EC1Y 8

1,266 kWh/m²

Median

1,266 kWh/m²

Lowest — EC1Y 2

1,265 kWh/m²

Source period

2005-2023

How calculated

Range across complete intersecting source areas

Source areas

5 / 5

Variation across complete unique intersecting source areas; this is not a recomputed page-level statistic.

Modelled from satellite observations averaged over 2005-2023 for an unshaded surface at the best angle, at a point in this postcode sector. It is a property of the location and the weather, not of any building: roof pitch, direction, and shading from trees and neighbouring buildings all change what reaches an actual panel, and none of them is known here. Source: PVGIS © European Communities, 2001-2026.

3,970 kWh

A standard domestic array at the best angle, over a year

Highest — EC1Y 8

3,970 kWh

Median

3,970 kWh

Lowest — EC1Y 2

3,967 kWh

Source period

2005-2023

How calculated

Range across complete intersecting source areas

Source areas

5 / 5

Variation across complete unique intersecting source areas; this is not a recomputed page-level statistic.

A modelled figure for a 4 kWp roof-mounted array facing the best direction at the best angle with nothing shading it, assuming 14% system losses. It is what this LOCATION could support, not a prediction for any particular house. A north-facing roof yields around 40% of a south-facing one at the same address, and shading from a single tree can cost more than moving hundreds of miles north. Source: PVGIS © European Communities, 2001-2026.

40°

The slope that captures most energy over a year here

Highest — EC1Y 8

40°

Median

40°

Lowest — EC1Y 0

40°

Source period

2005-2023

How calculated

Range across complete intersecting source areas

Source areas

5 / 5

Variation across complete unique intersecting source areas; this is not a recomputed page-level statistic.

The tilt that would collect the most energy over a year at this latitude. A real installation follows the roof it is fixed to, and a fixed angle a few degrees away from optimum costs very little. Source: PVGIS © European Communities, 2001-2026.

10.7 µg/m³

Annual average fine particulate matter

Highest — TQ3281

11.27 µg/m³

Median

10.7 µg/m³

Lowest — TQ3182

10.53 µg/m³

Source period

2024

How calculated

Range across complete intersecting source areas

Source areas

3 / 3

Variation across complete unique intersecting source areas; this is not a recomputed page-level statistic.

Modelled annual average for the 1 km grid square containing this postcode — an estimate from Defra's national air-quality model, not a measurement taken here. It is a BACKGROUND concentration: the roadside increment is deliberately excluded, so streets beside busy roads inside this square are worse than this figure. Model methodology changes between years, so year-on-year comparisons are indicative.

17.86 µg/m³

Annual average coarse particulate matter

Highest — TQ3281

18.13 µg/m³

Median

17.86 µg/m³

Lowest — TQ3182

17.57 µg/m³

Source period

2024

How calculated

Range across complete intersecting source areas

Source areas

3 / 3

Variation across complete unique intersecting source areas; this is not a recomputed page-level statistic.

Modelled annual average for the 1 km grid square containing this postcode — an estimate from Defra's national air-quality model, not a measurement taken here. It is a BACKGROUND concentration: the roadside increment is deliberately excluded, so streets beside busy roads inside this square are worse than this figure. Model methodology changes between years, so year-on-year comparisons are indicative.

29.98 µg/m³

Annual average NO₂

Highest — TQ3281

32.84 µg/m³

Median

29.98 µg/m³

Lowest — TQ3182

29.86 µg/m³

Source period

2024

How calculated

Range across complete intersecting source areas

Source areas

3 / 3

Variation across complete unique intersecting source areas; this is not a recomputed page-level statistic.

Modelled annual average for the 1 km grid square containing this postcode — an estimate from Defra's national air-quality model, not a measurement taken here. It is a BACKGROUND concentration: the roadside increment is deliberately excluded, so streets beside busy roads inside this square are worse than this figure. Model methodology changes between years, so year-on-year comparisons are indicative.

46.59 µg/m³ as NO₂

Annual average NOx, expressed as NO₂

Highest — TQ3281

52.49 µg/m³ as NO₂

Median

46.59 µg/m³ as NO₂

Lowest — TQ3182

46.35 µg/m³ as NO₂

Source period

2024

How calculated

Range across complete intersecting source areas

Source areas

3 / 3

Variation across complete unique intersecting source areas; this is not a recomputed page-level statistic.

Modelled annual average for the 1 km grid square containing this postcode — an estimate from Defra's national air-quality model, not a measurement taken here. It is a BACKGROUND concentration: the roadside increment is deliberately excluded, so streets beside busy roads inside this square are worse than this figure. Model methodology changes between years, so year-on-year comparisons are indicative.

5.12 µg/m³

Annual average SO₂

Highest — TQ3281

5.67 µg/m³

Median

5.12 µg/m³

Lowest — TQ3182

4.76 µg/m³

Source period

2024

How calculated

Range across complete intersecting source areas

Source areas

3 / 3

Variation across complete unique intersecting source areas; this is not a recomputed page-level statistic.

Modelled annual average for the 1 km grid square containing this postcode — an estimate from Defra's national air-quality model, not a measurement taken here. It is a BACKGROUND concentration: the roadside increment is deliberately excluded, so streets beside busy roads inside this square are worse than this figure. Model methodology changes between years, so year-on-year comparisons are indicative.

0.93 µg/m³

Annual average benzene

Highest — TQ3281

0.97 µg/m³

Median

0.93 µg/m³

Lowest — TQ3182

0.93 µg/m³

Source period

2024

How calculated

Range across complete intersecting source areas

Source areas

3 / 3

Variation across complete unique intersecting source areas; this is not a recomputed page-level statistic.

Modelled annual average for the 1 km grid square containing this postcode — an estimate from Defra's national air-quality model, not a measurement taken here. It is a BACKGROUND concentration: the roadside increment is deliberately excluded, so streets beside busy roads inside this square are worse than this figure. Model methodology changes between years, so year-on-year comparisons are indicative.

0 days

Days a year the 8-hour ozone target is exceeded

Highest — TQ3282

0 days

Median

0 days

Lowest — TQ3182

0 days

Source period

2024

How calculated

Range across complete intersecting source areas

Source areas

3 / 3

Variation across complete unique intersecting source areas; this is not a recomputed page-level statistic.

Defra's published ozone metric: the modelled number of days on which the daily maximum running 8-hour concentration exceeds 120 µg/m³. It is not an annual average concentration, and Defra publish no such figure for ozone. Modelled for the 1 km square containing this postcode, not measured here, and a background estimate that excludes the roadside increment.

Estimated share of homes above the radon Action Level

1 to 3% of homes above the Action Level

0

10 to 30% of homes above the Action Level

0

3 to 5% of homes above the Action Level

0

30% or more of homes above the Action Level

0

5 to 10% of homes above the Action Level

0

Less than 1% of homes above the Action Level

Suppressed

Source period

2021

How calculated

Counts using consistent category definitions

Source areas

3 / 3

Small category cells and a complementary cell are suppressed to prevent differencing.

This is the estimated chance that a home in this 1 km square exceeds the 200 Bq/m³ radon Action Level. It is NOT a measurement of radon at this address, and no map can tell you what any individual property contains — only a test in the property itself can, over three to six months. The mapping is also deliberately precautionary: BGS class each square by the HIGHEST radon potential found anywhere within it, so most homes in a square have a lower potential than the band shown. It does not apply to basements, cellars or underground rooms at all, which should be treated as higher risk wherever they are. For a definitive assessment of a specific address, UKHSA's UKradon service sells an address report.

Whether UKHSA classify this square as radon affected

No — this square is below the Affected Area threshold

Suppressed

Yes — this square is within a radon Affected Area

0

Source period

2021

How calculated

Counts using consistent category definitions

Source areas

3 / 3

Small category cells and a complementary cell are suppressed to prevent differencing.

UKHSA define a radon Affected Area as one where at least one home in a hundred is expected to exceed the Action Level. This applies that definition to the indicative 1 km band, so it inherits the same precaution: the square is classed by its worst point, and most homes inside an Affected Area are not above the Action Level. Being inside one is a reason to test, not a finding about this property.

14.4%

Highest — Islington 022F

17.6%

Median

14.4%

Lowest — City of London 001B

10.6%

Source period

Census 2021

How calculated

Range across complete intersecting source areas

Source areas

6 / 6

Variation across complete unique intersecting source areas; this is not a recomputed page-level statistic.

Use England/Wales Census 2021, Scotland Census 2022 or NISRA Census 2021 according to country; these are area characteristics, not attributes of an individual postcode household.

6.6%

Highest — Islington 022F

8.4%

Median

6.6%

Lowest — Islington 022H

5.7%

Source period

Census 2021

How calculated

Range across complete intersecting source areas

Source areas

6 / 6

Variation across complete unique intersecting source areas; this is not a recomputed page-level statistic.

Use England/Wales Census 2021, Scotland Census 2022 or NISRA Census 2021 according to country; these are area characteristics, not attributes of an individual postcode household.

16.93 minutes

Modelled for a representative weekday, 2019

Highest — City of London 001C

19.4 minutes

Median

16.93 minutes

Lowest — Islington 023D

14.96 minutes

Source period

2019

How calculated

Range across complete intersecting source areas

Source areas

6 / 6

Variation across complete unique intersecting source areas; this is not a recomputed page-level statistic.

Modelled for 2019 and never updated — the Department for Transport discontinued this series in 2025, so it cannot describe today's roads or bus services. It is a neighbourhood average computed from timetables and a network model for a representative weekday departure, not a measured journey from this address. England only: Scotland and Wales were never covered.

10.86 minutes

Modelled for a representative weekday, 2019

Highest — City of London 001B

12.97 minutes

Median

10.86 minutes

Lowest — Islington 022F

9.94 minutes

Source period

2019

How calculated

Range across complete intersecting source areas

Source areas

6 / 6

Variation across complete unique intersecting source areas; this is not a recomputed page-level statistic.

Modelled for 2019 and never updated — the Department for Transport discontinued this series in 2025, so it cannot describe today's roads or bus services. It is a neighbourhood average computed from timetables and a network model for a representative weekday departure, not a measured journey from this address. England only: Scotland and Wales were never covered.

8.54 minutes

Modelled for a representative weekday, 2019

Highest — City of London 001B

9.17 minutes

Median

8.54 minutes

Lowest — Islington 022F

8 minutes

Source period

2019

How calculated

Range across complete intersecting source areas

Source areas

6 / 6

Variation across complete unique intersecting source areas; this is not a recomputed page-level statistic.

Modelled for 2019 and never updated — the Department for Transport discontinued this series in 2025, so it cannot describe today's roads or bus services. It is a neighbourhood average computed from timetables and a network model for a representative weekday departure, not a measured journey from this address. England only: Scotland and Wales were never covered.

4.17 minutes

Modelled for a representative weekday, 2019

Highest — City of London 001B

8.51 minutes

Median

4.17 minutes

Lowest — Islington 022F

3.44 minutes

Source period

2019

How calculated

Range across complete intersecting source areas

Source areas

6 / 6

Variation across complete unique intersecting source areas; this is not a recomputed page-level statistic.

Modelled for 2019 and never updated — the Department for Transport discontinued this series in 2025, so it cannot describe today's roads or bus services. It is a neighbourhood average computed from timetables and a network model for a representative weekday departure, not a measured journey from this address. England only: Scotland and Wales were never covered.

7.05 minutes

Modelled for a representative weekday, 2019

Highest — City of London 001B

9.07 minutes

Median

7.05 minutes

Lowest — Islington 022F

6.18 minutes

Source period

2019

How calculated

Range across complete intersecting source areas

Source areas

6 / 6

Variation across complete unique intersecting source areas; this is not a recomputed page-level statistic.

Modelled for 2019 and never updated — the Department for Transport discontinued this series in 2025, so it cannot describe today's roads or bus services. It is a neighbourhood average computed from timetables and a network model for a representative weekday departure, not a measured journey from this address. England only: Scotland and Wales were never covered.

6.54 minutes

Modelled for a representative weekday, 2019

Highest — Islington 022H

6.93 minutes

Median

6.54 minutes

Lowest — Islington 022F

5.87 minutes

Source period

2019

How calculated

Range across complete intersecting source areas

Source areas

6 / 6

Variation across complete unique intersecting source areas; this is not a recomputed page-level statistic.

Modelled for 2019 and never updated — the Department for Transport discontinued this series in 2025, so it cannot describe today's roads or bus services. It is a neighbourhood average computed from timetables and a network model for a representative weekday departure, not a measured journey from this address. England only: Scotland and Wales were never covered.

11.58 minutes

Modelled for a representative weekday, 2019

Highest — City of London 001B

13.59 minutes

Median

11.58 minutes

Lowest — Islington 023D

7.01 minutes

Source period

2019

How calculated

Range across complete intersecting source areas

Source areas

6 / 6

Variation across complete unique intersecting source areas; this is not a recomputed page-level statistic.

Modelled for 2019 and never updated — the Department for Transport discontinued this series in 2025, so it cannot describe today's roads or bus services. It is a neighbourhood average computed from timetables and a network model for a representative weekday departure, not a measured journey from this address. England only: Scotland and Wales were never covered.

8.96 minutes

Modelled for a representative weekday, 2019

Highest — City of London 001B

10.12 minutes

Median

8.96 minutes

Lowest — Islington 023D

7.67 minutes

Source period

2019

How calculated

Range across complete intersecting source areas

Source areas

6 / 6

Variation across complete unique intersecting source areas; this is not a recomputed page-level statistic.

Modelled for 2019 and never updated — the Department for Transport discontinued this series in 2025, so it cannot describe today's roads or bus services. It is a neighbourhood average computed from timetables and a network model for a representative weekday departure, not a measured journey from this address. England only: Scotland and Wales were never covered.

7.77 minutes

Modelled for a representative weekday, 2019

Highest — Islington 022H

8.57 minutes

Median

7.77 minutes

Lowest — Islington 023D

7.47 minutes

Source period

2019

How calculated

Range across complete intersecting source areas

Source areas

6 / 6

Variation across complete unique intersecting source areas; this is not a recomputed page-level statistic.

Modelled for 2019 and never updated — the Department for Transport discontinued this series in 2025, so it cannot describe today's roads or bus services. It is a neighbourhood average computed from timetables and a network model for a representative weekday departure, not a measured journey from this address. England only: Scotland and Wales were never covered.

12.71 minutes

Modelled for a representative weekday, 2019

Highest — Islington 022F

18.19 minutes

Median

12.71 minutes

Lowest — Islington 023E

8.52 minutes

Source period

2019

How calculated

Range across complete intersecting source areas

Source areas

6 / 6

Variation across complete unique intersecting source areas; this is not a recomputed page-level statistic.

Modelled for 2019 and never updated — the Department for Transport discontinued this series in 2025, so it cannot describe today's roads or bus services. It is a neighbourhood average computed from timetables and a network model for a representative weekday departure, not a measured journey from this address. England only: Scotland and Wales were never covered.

9.4 minutes

Modelled for a representative weekday, 2019

Highest — Islington 022F

12.31 minutes

Median

9.4 minutes

Lowest — Islington 023E

8.12 minutes

Source period

2019

How calculated

Range across complete intersecting source areas

Source areas

6 / 6

Variation across complete unique intersecting source areas; this is not a recomputed page-level statistic.

Modelled for 2019 and never updated — the Department for Transport discontinued this series in 2025, so it cannot describe today's roads or bus services. It is a neighbourhood average computed from timetables and a network model for a representative weekday departure, not a measured journey from this address. England only: Scotland and Wales were never covered.

7.78 minutes

Modelled for a representative weekday, 2019

Highest — Islington 022F

10.12 minutes

Median

7.78 minutes

Lowest — Islington 023D

7.26 minutes

Source period

2019

How calculated

Range across complete intersecting source areas

Source areas

6 / 6

Variation across complete unique intersecting source areas; this is not a recomputed page-level statistic.

Modelled for 2019 and never updated — the Department for Transport discontinued this series in 2025, so it cannot describe today's roads or bus services. It is a neighbourhood average computed from timetables and a network model for a representative weekday departure, not a measured journey from this address. England only: Scotland and Wales were never covered.

7.9 minutes

Modelled for a representative weekday, 2019

Highest — City of London 001B

8.81 minutes

Median

7.9 minutes

Lowest — Islington 022F

2.31 minutes

Source period

2019

How calculated

Range across complete intersecting source areas

Source areas

6 / 6

Variation across complete unique intersecting source areas; this is not a recomputed page-level statistic.

Modelled for 2019 and never updated — the Department for Transport discontinued this series in 2025, so it cannot describe today's roads or bus services. It is a neighbourhood average computed from timetables and a network model for a representative weekday departure, not a measured journey from this address. England only: Scotland and Wales were never covered.

7.74 minutes

Modelled for a representative weekday, 2019

Highest — City of London 001B

8.39 minutes

Median

7.74 minutes

Lowest — Islington 022F

5.89 minutes

Source period

2019

How calculated

Range across complete intersecting source areas

Source areas

6 / 6

Variation across complete unique intersecting source areas; this is not a recomputed page-level statistic.

Modelled for 2019 and never updated — the Department for Transport discontinued this series in 2025, so it cannot describe today's roads or bus services. It is a neighbourhood average computed from timetables and a network model for a representative weekday departure, not a measured journey from this address. England only: Scotland and Wales were never covered.

7.11 minutes

Modelled for a representative weekday, 2019

Highest — City of London 001B

7.41 minutes

Median

7.11 minutes

Lowest — Islington 022F

5.91 minutes

Source period

2019

How calculated

Range across complete intersecting source areas

Source areas

6 / 6

Variation across complete unique intersecting source areas; this is not a recomputed page-level statistic.

Modelled for 2019 and never updated — the Department for Transport discontinued this series in 2025, so it cannot describe today's roads or bus services. It is a neighbourhood average computed from timetables and a network model for a representative weekday departure, not a measured journey from this address. England only: Scotland and Wales were never covered.

10.98 minutes

Modelled for a representative weekday, 2019

Highest — Islington 022F

19.42 minutes

Median

10.98 minutes

Lowest — City of London 001C

7.87 minutes

Source period

2019

How calculated

Range across complete intersecting source areas

Source areas

6 / 6

Variation across complete unique intersecting source areas; this is not a recomputed page-level statistic.

Modelled for 2019 and never updated — the Department for Transport discontinued this series in 2025, so it cannot describe today's roads or bus services. It is a neighbourhood average computed from timetables and a network model for a representative weekday departure, not a measured journey from this address. England only: Scotland and Wales were never covered.

8.76 minutes

Modelled for a representative weekday, 2019

Highest — Islington 022F

11.65 minutes

Median

8.76 minutes

Lowest — City of London 001C

7.78 minutes

Source period

2019

How calculated

Range across complete intersecting source areas

Source areas

6 / 6

Variation across complete unique intersecting source areas; this is not a recomputed page-level statistic.

Modelled for 2019 and never updated — the Department for Transport discontinued this series in 2025, so it cannot describe today's roads or bus services. It is a neighbourhood average computed from timetables and a network model for a representative weekday departure, not a measured journey from this address. England only: Scotland and Wales were never covered.

8.74 minutes

Modelled for a representative weekday, 2019

Highest — Islington 022F

10.75 minutes

Median

8.74 minutes

Lowest — City of London 001B

8.17 minutes

Source period

2019

How calculated

Range across complete intersecting source areas

Source areas

6 / 6

Variation across complete unique intersecting source areas; this is not a recomputed page-level statistic.

Modelled for 2019 and never updated — the Department for Transport discontinued this series in 2025, so it cannot describe today's roads or bus services. It is a neighbourhood average computed from timetables and a network model for a representative weekday departure, not a measured journey from this address. England only: Scotland and Wales were never covered.

6.06 minutes

Modelled for a representative weekday, 2019

Highest — City of London 001B

6.23 minutes

Median

6.06 minutes

Lowest — Islington 023D

5.83 minutes

Source period

2019

How calculated

Range across complete intersecting source areas

Source areas

6 / 6

Variation across complete unique intersecting source areas; this is not a recomputed page-level statistic.

Modelled for 2019 and never updated — the Department for Transport discontinued this series in 2025, so it cannot describe today's roads or bus services. It is a neighbourhood average computed from timetables and a network model for a representative weekday departure, not a measured journey from this address. England only: Scotland and Wales were never covered.

6.25 minutes

Modelled for a representative weekday, 2019

Highest — City of London 001B

6.92 minutes

Median

6.25 minutes

Lowest — Islington 023D

6.02 minutes

Source period

2019

How calculated

Range across complete intersecting source areas

Source areas

6 / 6

Variation across complete unique intersecting source areas; this is not a recomputed page-level statistic.

Modelled for 2019 and never updated — the Department for Transport discontinued this series in 2025, so it cannot describe today's roads or bus services. It is a neighbourhood average computed from timetables and a network model for a representative weekday departure, not a measured journey from this address. England only: Scotland and Wales were never covered.

6.06 minutes

Modelled for a representative weekday, 2019

Highest — City of London 001B

6.23 minutes

Median

6.06 minutes

Lowest — Islington 023D

5.83 minutes

Source period

2019

How calculated

Range across complete intersecting source areas

Source areas

6 / 6

Variation across complete unique intersecting source areas; this is not a recomputed page-level statistic.

Modelled for 2019 and never updated — the Department for Transport discontinued this series in 2025, so it cannot describe today's roads or bus services. It is a neighbourhood average computed from timetables and a network model for a representative weekday departure, not a measured journey from this address. England only: Scotland and Wales were never covered.

21.8 minutes

Modelled for a representative weekday, 2019

Highest — Islington 022F

22.88 minutes

Median

21.8 minutes

Lowest — Islington 023D

19.52 minutes

Source period

2019

How calculated

Range across complete intersecting source areas

Source areas

6 / 6

Variation across complete unique intersecting source areas; this is not a recomputed page-level statistic.

Modelled for 2019 and never updated — the Department for Transport discontinued this series in 2025, so it cannot describe today's roads or bus services. It is a neighbourhood average computed from timetables and a network model for a representative weekday departure, not a measured journey from this address. England only: Scotland and Wales were never covered.

13.09 minutes

Modelled for a representative weekday, 2019

Highest — City of London 001B

13.86 minutes

Median

13.09 minutes

Lowest — Islington 023D

11.38 minutes

Source period

2019

How calculated

Range across complete intersecting source areas

Source areas

6 / 6

Variation across complete unique intersecting source areas; this is not a recomputed page-level statistic.

Modelled for 2019 and never updated — the Department for Transport discontinued this series in 2025, so it cannot describe today's roads or bus services. It is a neighbourhood average computed from timetables and a network model for a representative weekday departure, not a measured journey from this address. England only: Scotland and Wales were never covered.

9.59 minutes

Modelled for a representative weekday, 2019

Highest — Islington 022F

9.95 minutes

Median

9.59 minutes

Lowest — Islington 023D

8.96 minutes

Source period

2019

How calculated

Range across complete intersecting source areas

Source areas

6 / 6

Variation across complete unique intersecting source areas; this is not a recomputed page-level statistic.

Modelled for 2019 and never updated — the Department for Transport discontinued this series in 2025, so it cannot describe today's roads or bus services. It is a neighbourhood average computed from timetables and a network model for a representative weekday departure, not a measured journey from this address. England only: Scotland and Wales were never covered.

3.96 minutes

Modelled for a representative weekday, 2015

Highest — Islington 022H

6.6 minutes

Median

3.96 minutes

Lowest — Islington 023D

2.43 minutes

Source period

2015

How calculated

Range across complete intersecting source areas

Source areas

6 / 6

Variation across complete unique intersecting source areas; this is not a recomputed page-level statistic.

Modelled for 2019 and never updated — the Department for Transport discontinued this series in 2025, so it cannot describe today's roads or bus services. It is a neighbourhood average computed from timetables and a network model for a representative weekday departure, not a measured journey from this address. England only: Scotland and Wales were never covered.

3.96 minutes

Modelled for a representative weekday, 2015

Highest — Islington 022H

5.82 minutes

Median

3.96 minutes

Lowest — Islington 023D

2.43 minutes

Source period

2015

How calculated

Range across complete intersecting source areas

Source areas

6 / 6

Variation across complete unique intersecting source areas; this is not a recomputed page-level statistic.

Modelled for 2019 and never updated — the Department for Transport discontinued this series in 2025, so it cannot describe today's roads or bus services. It is a neighbourhood average computed from timetables and a network model for a representative weekday departure, not a measured journey from this address. England only: Scotland and Wales were never covered.